누가 어떤 복지국가를 만드는가?: 서구 복지국가들의 형성 및 발전과정이 한국의 보편주의 논의에 주는 함의

Universal welfare state became a key issue in institutionalized political arena in Korea since 2010. However, the discussion on the concrete form of the universal welfare state and the means to achieve it has not fully matured yet. In particular, there has been little progress in the debate on who can build such system by mobilizing which resources, despite the crucial importance of the question. To draw implications on this question, this paper examines what power relations were formed among the major socio-political actors in four countries representing the major types of the welfare state, and how these relations influenced the formation of each type. The experiences of the four welfare states show that a universal welfare state can be established when a welfare coalition between the labor and the middle class is formed by harmonizing conflicting interests and political leadership promoting such coalition exists.