들뢰즈의 유물론, 혹은 ‘외부에 의한 사유’

Marx’s materialism can be summarized as follows: the invariable essence of a thing does not exist. Instead, a thing’s essence changes depending on the relation it has with surrounding objects. I name this perspective ‘thinking through the outside’. Gille Deleuze developed materialism in this sense in three ways. The first is “serial thinking”, which considers that a sense of everything is constructed by the relation which the object has with adjacent objects. The second way is to understand everything by its effect. This is shown vividly by his “universal machinism” which regards everything as a machine that causes effects. It is also revealed in his attempt to develop pragmatics through the proposition which considers that the essence of languages is in the ‘order-words(mot d’ordre)’, attached to the language as ‘redundancy’. The third way is his emphasis on pure virtuality which functions as the ‘outside’ to every actual component. His concept, the “plane of consistency”, indicates pure virtuality, the ultimate point of “absolute deterritorialization”. This is also related to the concept of immanence, which is one of the key idea of ‘thinking though the outside’ and which is opposite to transcendence. In this regard, this kind of materialist thought can be a confluence zone that holds the thought of Marx, Spinoza and Deleuze.