로봇으로 인식하게 하는 요인 분석: 일반인의 로봇 인식을 중심으로

Background: As robot technology rapidly develops, various types of robots are appearing, and the boundary between smart devices and robots is becoming increasingly vague. Smart devices equipped with artificial intelligence technology are functionally similar to robots, but there is no established standard for whether the general public recognizes them as robots. Understanding the standard for the general public to recognize them as robots is becoming very important in establishing robot design and marketing strategies. Analyzing what factors the general public uses to recognize devices as robots can be a key factor in robot design, development, and the market. This study analyzes the main factors that the general public recognizes as robots and explore a design elements to be recognized as robots. Methods: This study investigated the differences between smart devices and robots through literature data and reviewed previous studies on robot perception. In addition, an online survey was conducted targeting the general public to analyze factors affecting robot perception. Exploratory factor analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate the effects of robot form, artificial intelligence function, sensor type, and interaction method on robot perception. Data were collected on a 5-point Likert scale and descriptive responses on factors recognized as robots to analyze the general public's perception. Results: The general public appears to comprehensively consider various factors when recognizing robots, including physical appearance, similarity to living things, technological functions, and interaction methods. There were differences in robot recognition factors by age group, gender, major, and occupation. Those in their 20s tended to value sensory sensors and interaction elements, those in their 30s and 40s valued technological functions, and those in their 50s and older valued human elements. In a gender analysis, both men and women considered human and animal forms and interactions through behaviors to be important, but there was a difference in that men perceived physical devices as robots more, while women perceived information processing devices as robots more. Conclusion: The main factors that the general public perceives robots were diverse, and it was concluded that human-animal-like forms, autonomous functions, and enhanced interaction played important roles in improving robot recognition. In order to be better recognized as a robot, a design approach that combined sensory feedback, autonomy, and visual interaction was needed.