복지동맹 문제를 중심으로 본 보편적 복지국가의 발전 조건: 영국·스웨덴의 비교와 한국에의 함의

Although a universal welfare state is often regarded the same as an institutional·redistributive welfare state, such equation has no solid ground. By comparing British and Swedish cases, this paper explores the conditions for a universal welfare state to evolve into an institutional·redistributive welfare state. The two countries’experiences show that a universal welfare state requires welfare coalition of the working class and the middle class. For the formation of such welfare coalition, two conditions need to be met: first, the power resources of the working class, and second the benefits and services of welfare programs that satisfy the middle class. Considering the conditions, Korea is under unfavorable circumstances to build a universal welfare state and develop it to an institutional welfare state. In the concluding part, implications of the two countries’historical experiences on Korea are discussed.