비교문화적 관점에서 노인들의 신체활동과 그와 관련된 심리적 변인

The current study tried to identify differences in physical activity and the TTM constructs between Korean and American older adults, to explore differences in the TTM constructs by the stages of physical activity, and to examine the effect of the TTM constructs and nationality on the stages of physical activity. A total of 354 older adults (Korean 180, American 174) were voluntarily participated from Seoul, Korea and Louisiana, USA. Stages of physical activity scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, decision balance scale, processes of change scale, and physical activity scale were applied to this study. Results indicated that American older adults (75.6%) were more likely to be participating in physical activity than Korean counterparts (60.9%) (χ2 = 12.75, p<.001). Among the TTM constructs, except cons all of other variables were significantly different by the stages of physical activity [behavioral processes F(3,349) = 18.61, cognitive processes F(3,349) = 11,12, exercise self-efficacy F(3,349) = 9.11, p = 0.00, pros F(3,349) = 5.06, p = 0.02]. According to regression analysis, behavioral processes, self-efficacy, nationality, cognitive processes, and pros were significant to explain physical activity (Wilks'λ = .77, F[18,354]= 13.00, p<.001). Furthermore, the results revealed that the total classification accuracy of physical activity stages by the 5 significant variables was 56.7%. Future studies relating to the current study should be focused on not only psychological variables, also social and environmental variables to examine variables associated with physical activity in a social ecological perspective.