학교시설 범죄예방 환경설계요소 효과성 검토: 시뮬레이션 비교를 통한 이용자 전/후 평가

This study aims to provide objective evidence on the performance of CPTED in school by quantifying the mean difference(MD) of individual CPTED elements measured by the user-based pre/post visual evaluation. Focusing on 4 CPTED strategies (access control, surveillance, territoriality, and maintenance), an empirical framework for the research goal specifies 24 pairs pre/post visual simulation which categorize a spatial unit of school into 4 dimensions (edge/entrance, outdoor, public-indoor, and private-indoor). The results from user survey, targeted at 114 school personnel from 4 schools in Daegu, showed statistically significant mean differences between pre- and post-evaluation on the degree of subjective safety (p<0.05). The effectiveness of CPTED elements, meanwhile, varies across spatial units. More specifically, reinforcing maintenance (MD=8.518) and installing CCTV (MD=8.5) in a secluded spot outside building, installing CCTV in edge/entrance (MD=8.202), access control to a secluded spot outside building (MD=7.93), improving territoriality in parking areas (MD=7.342) are highly ranked in the level of effectiveness. In addition, the statistic t-test between two groups separated by gender found the variation in statistical significance and effectiveness among the specific CPTED elements. Therefore, not only adapting spatial-relevant but also selecting gender-perspective CPTED elements are recommendable for improving the CPTED performance in school.