1930년대 초 소련의 탈쿨라크화 운동과 쿨라크의 자녀들

This essay aims to understand the experiences of children of Soviet ‘kulaks’ who were ‘liquidated as a class’ during the early 1930s. The dekulakization campaign was initiated by the Stalinist leadership to clear the Soviet country of the prosperous peasants who were believed to resist the agricultural collectivization. As a result, during 1930-1931 when the raskulachivanie was at its height, 1,700,000-1,800,000 persons including approximately 700,000 children were deported to the remote places such as the Northern Territory, Siberia, Central Asia and Urals.
Cleary, children were the greatest victims of the dekulakization. Their sudden deportation brought psychological trauma to them, which they should have kept during the rest of their whole lives. Moreover, they experienced more severe physical sufferings including even frequent deaths than anyone of their family members. They had insanitary conditions, crowdedness, lack of foods and frequent illness in the process of long transfer to the sites for special settlements which families of kulaks were supposed to construct from scratch.
One of the root reasons for all these tragedies was the fact that there was no master plan for the creation of the special settlements. In a word, the raskulachivanie policy had reactive and ad hoc nature. As a result, the resettlement of kulak families was conducted in a state of almost complete disorder. Moreover, the Stalinist leadership did not prepare for any separate measures for the kulak children, dealing with them in the same way with the adults. They merely considered the children as subordinate members of the kulak families who had to be eliminated promptly and not as independent group who needed to be treated in a different way from the adults.