Adjustable Plasmonic Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Personalized Color Vision Correction

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a visual impairment caused by the inability of certain retinal cone cells to detect specific wavelengths of light, leading to challenges in color discrimination. Conventional corrective methods, such as tinted lenses, provide limited effectiveness due to individual variability in cone sensitivity. To address this, customized contact lenses are developed embedded with core-shell nanoparticles, where the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is tuned by adjusting the proportion of Au and Ag in the shell. The nanoparticles, with an average core size of 11 nm and a total diameter of 42.25 nm, exhibit absorption peaks spanning from 400 to 550 nm. Contact lenses incorporating these nanoparticles show reduced transmittance in the 420–580 nm range, overlapping with wavelengths critical for correcting red–green (520–580 nm) and blue–yellow (440–500 nm) deficiencies. Simulations demonstrated that the selective wavelength filtering induced by the lenses effectively modulates hue perception, highlighting their potential to enhance color discrimination and improve visual accuracy in individuals with color vision deficiencies. This personalized approach holds potential for improving visual experience in individuals with red–green or blue–yellow deficiencies, offering a promising step toward future applications in CVD correction.