An Approach to Fine Coregistration between Very High Resolution Multispectral Images Based on Registration Noise Distribution

Even after applying effective coregistration methods, multitemporal images are likely to show a residual misalignment, which is referred to as registration noise (RN). This is because coregistration methods from the literature cannot fully handle the local dissimilarities induced by differences in the acquisition conditions (e.g., the stability of the acquisition platform, the off-nadir angle of the sensor, the structure of the considered scene, etc.). This paper addresses the problem of reducing such a residual misalignment by proposing a fine automatic coregistration approach for very high resolution (VHR) multispectral images. The proposed method takes advantage of the properties of the residual misalignment itself. To this end, RN is first extracted in the change vector analysis (CVA) polar domain according to the behaviors of the specific multitemporal images considered. Then, a local analysis of RN pixels (i.e., those showing residual misalignment) is conducted for automatically extracting control points (CPs) and matching them according to their estimated displacement. Matched CPs are used for generating a deformation map by interpolation. Finally, one VHR image is warped to the coordinates of the other through a deformation map. Experiments carried out on simulated and real multitemporal VHR images confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.