Analysis of the generation of multi-domain in vertical alignment (VA) mode caused by the fringe field on the side of the lower substrate

The generation of multi-domain vertical alignment (VA) is important in order to reduce the dependence of electro- optical characteristics on viewing angle characteristics. Fringe fields of different intensities are generated by the control electrode and slit pattern of the pixel electrode on the side of the lower substrate. These fringe fields are used to generate the multi-domain inside the liquid crystal cell. As the voltage of the control electrode is fixed and AC voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, domains of different configurations are induced depending on the (+) or (-) sign of the first frame. Once domains are generated, these remain unchanged for much longer than the duration time of one frame, even at the pixel voltage of the opposite sign.