Anti-contamination strategies for yeast fermentations

Yeasts are very useful microorganisms that are used in many industrial fermentation processes such as food and alcohol production. Microbial contamination of such processes is inevitable, since most of the fermentation substrates are not sterile. Contamination can cause a reduction of the final product concentration and render industrial yeast strains unable to be reused. Alternative approaches to controlling contamination, including the use of antibiotics, have been developed and proposed as solutions. However, more efficient and industry-friendly approaches are needed for use in industrial applications. This review covers: (i) general information about industrial uses of yeast fermentation, (ii) microbial contamination and its effects on yeast fermentation, and (iii) currently used and suggested approaches/strategies for controlling microbial contamination at the industrial and/or laboratory scale.