Co-immobilization of glucose oxidase and catalase for enhancing the performance of a membraneless glucose biofuel cell operated under physiological conditions

Glucose oxidase (GOx)-catalase co-immobilized catalyst (CNT/PEI/(GOx-Cat)) was synthesized, and its catalytic activity and electrical performance were investigated and compared, whereas the amount of immobilized catalase was optochemically inspected by chemiluminescence (CL) assay. With the characterizations, it was confirmed that the catalase was well immobilized on the CNT/PEI surface, whereas both the GOx and catalase play their roles well in the catalyst. According to the measurements of the current density peak of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) redox reaction, electron transfer rate, Michaelis-Menten constants and sensitivity, CNT/PEI/(GOx-Cat) shows the best values, and this is attributed to the excellent catalytic activity of GOx and the H₂O₂ decomposition capability of the catalase. To evaluate the electrical performance, a membraneless glucose biofuel cell (GBFC) adopting the catalyst was operated under physiological conditions and produced a maximum power density (MPD) of 180.8 ± 22.3 μW cm^-2, which is the highest value compared to MPDs obtained by adoption of other catalysts. With such results, it was clarified that the CNT/PEI/(GOx-Cat) manufactured by co-immobilization of GOx and catalase leads to enhancements in the catalytic activity and GBFC performance due to the synergetic effects of (i) effective removal of harmful H₂O₂ moiety by catalase and (ii) superior activation of desirable reactions by GOx.