Correlation-driven multi-level learning for anomaly detection on multiple energy sources

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has been widely used as an intelligent energy consumption measurement system. Electric power was the representative energy source collected by AMI; most existing studies to detect abnormal energy consumption have focused on a single energy source, i.e., power. Recently, other energy sources such as water, gas, and heating have also been actively collected. As a result, it is necessary to develop a unified methodology for anomaly detection across multiple energy sources; however, research efforts have rarely been made to tackle this issue. In this study, we propose a new correlation-driven multi-level learning model for anomaly detection on multiple energy sources. The distinguishing property of the model incorporates multiple energy sources in multi-levels based on the strength of the correlations between them. Our model is scalable to integrate arbitrary new energy sources, with further performance improvement, considering both correlated and non-correlated sources. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets consisting of three to five energy sources, we demonstrate that the proposed model clearly outperforms the existing multimodal learning and recent time-series anomaly detection models and makes further performance improvement as more energy sources are integrated, showing the scalability of the proposed model.