Correlations for Convective Laminar Heat Transfer of Carreau Fluid in Straight Tube Flow

Correlations for the Nusselt number for the fully-developed laminar flow of Carreau fluids through circular pipe subject to a uniform heat flux have been sought. Based on the mathematical expression, the Nusselt number could be obtained by numerical integration. To evaluate the Nusselt number for many conditions, an efficient integration method has been proposed. Using the obtained Nusselt number for different material constants and flow conditions, an improved correlation method has been proposed. The proposed correlation could reduce the maximum error from 3% to 0.9%.