Design and implementation of zoned namespace-tailored log-structured file system for commodity ZNS SSDs

Inhwi Hwang; Sangjin Lee; Sunggon Kim; Hyeonsang Eom; Yongseok Son

doi:10.1016/j.future.2026.108563

Design and implementation of zoned namespace-tailored log-structured file system for commodity ZNS SSDs

Inhwi Hwang
, Sangjin Lee
, Sunggon Kim
, Hyeonsang Eom
, Yongseok Son

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Seoul National University
Chung-Ang University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents a novel zoned namespace (ZNS) tailored log-structured file system (LFS) called Z-LFS for commodity small-zone ZNS SSDs. Specifically, Z-LFS first enables append-only updates on metadata while leveraging the unique metadata characteristic of LFS on ZNS SSDs. Second, Z-LFS devises speculative log stream management according to the workload temperature to maximize active zone utilization. Third, Z-LFS adopts conflict-aware zone allocation to minimize resource contention within ZNS SSDs while considering LFS features. Finally, Z-LFS introduces per-stream writeback to enable concurrent use of active zones without sacrificing file system consistency. We implement Z-LFS based on F2FS in the Linux kernel and evaluate it with commodity ZNS SSD. Our evaluations show that Z-LFS achieves higher performance by up to 33.53× and 3.6× compared with F2FS and a state-of-the-art interface for commodity ZNS SSDs, respectively.

Original language	English
Article number	108563
Journal	Future Generation Computer Systems
Volume	183
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2026.108563
State	Published - Oct 2026

Keywords

File systems
Operating systems
Storage systems
Zoned namespace (ZNS) SSDs

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10.1016/j.future.2026.108563

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title = "Design and implementation of zoned namespace-tailored log-structured file system for commodity ZNS SSDs",

abstract = "This paper presents a novel zoned namespace (ZNS) tailored log-structured file system (LFS) called Z-LFS for commodity small-zone ZNS SSDs. Specifically, Z-LFS first enables append-only updates on metadata while leveraging the unique metadata characteristic of LFS on ZNS SSDs. Second, Z-LFS devises speculative log stream management according to the workload temperature to maximize active zone utilization. Third, Z-LFS adopts conflict-aware zone allocation to minimize resource contention within ZNS SSDs while considering LFS features. Finally, Z-LFS introduces per-stream writeback to enable concurrent use of active zones without sacrificing file system consistency. We implement Z-LFS based on F2FS in the Linux kernel and evaluate it with commodity ZNS SSD. Our evaluations show that Z-LFS achieves higher performance by up to 33.53× and 3.6× compared with F2FS and a state-of-the-art interface for commodity ZNS SSDs, respectively.",

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author = "Inhwi Hwang and Sangjin Lee and Sunggon Kim and Hyeonsang Eom and Yongseok Son",

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language = "English",

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AU - Hwang, Inhwi

AU - Lee, Sangjin

AU - Kim, Sunggon

AU - Eom, Hyeonsang

AU - Son, Yongseok

PY - 2026/10

Y1 - 2026/10

N2 - This paper presents a novel zoned namespace (ZNS) tailored log-structured file system (LFS) called Z-LFS for commodity small-zone ZNS SSDs. Specifically, Z-LFS first enables append-only updates on metadata while leveraging the unique metadata characteristic of LFS on ZNS SSDs. Second, Z-LFS devises speculative log stream management according to the workload temperature to maximize active zone utilization. Third, Z-LFS adopts conflict-aware zone allocation to minimize resource contention within ZNS SSDs while considering LFS features. Finally, Z-LFS introduces per-stream writeback to enable concurrent use of active zones without sacrificing file system consistency. We implement Z-LFS based on F2FS in the Linux kernel and evaluate it with commodity ZNS SSD. Our evaluations show that Z-LFS achieves higher performance by up to 33.53× and 3.6× compared with F2FS and a state-of-the-art interface for commodity ZNS SSDs, respectively.

AB - This paper presents a novel zoned namespace (ZNS) tailored log-structured file system (LFS) called Z-LFS for commodity small-zone ZNS SSDs. Specifically, Z-LFS first enables append-only updates on metadata while leveraging the unique metadata characteristic of LFS on ZNS SSDs. Second, Z-LFS devises speculative log stream management according to the workload temperature to maximize active zone utilization. Third, Z-LFS adopts conflict-aware zone allocation to minimize resource contention within ZNS SSDs while considering LFS features. Finally, Z-LFS introduces per-stream writeback to enable concurrent use of active zones without sacrificing file system consistency. We implement Z-LFS based on F2FS in the Linux kernel and evaluate it with commodity ZNS SSD. Our evaluations show that Z-LFS achieves higher performance by up to 33.53× and 3.6× compared with F2FS and a state-of-the-art interface for commodity ZNS SSDs, respectively.

KW - File systems

KW - Operating systems

KW - Storage systems

KW - Zoned namespace (ZNS) SSDs

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037791975

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JO - Future Generation Computer Systems

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M1 - 108563

ER -

Design and implementation of zoned namespace-tailored log-structured file system for commodity ZNS SSDs

Abstract

Keywords

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