Electromagnetic Environment Analysis for Smart Block in Railway Station

This paper presents the characteristics of smart block antennas designed for user location detection in smart block areas. When a user passes through a specific smart block, the appropriateness of the antenna characteristics is determined by calculating the difference between RSSIs generated from the corresponding block and the adjacent block. In this paper, a simulation environment was modeled for an actual subway station. The radio wave intensity in the station was analyzed by applying the designed antennas to the simulation environment. 2×2 and 4×4 array antennas operating at a frequency of 2.45 GHz obtained beam widths of 54° and 24°, respectively, and RSSI differences of 0.38 dB and 0.65 dB, respectively. It was confirmed that it is difficult to recognize the position of the desired signal because of the small RSSI difference. When an 8×8 array antenna with beam width of 12° or less was used as smart block, the difference in radio wave reception intensity was calculated and found to be 7.68 dB, which means that the radio wave intensity of the smart block passed by the user was about 5.8 times greater than that of the adjacent block. As a result, it will be possible to detect the position of the designed signal when the minimum beam width is 12° or less.