Evaluation methodology and application of Scope 3 emissions at the city and region scale in South Korea

Existing research on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions often underestimates Scope 3 emissions, which include indirect emissions from city and region consumption. Traditional methodologies fail to account for these broader impacts, leading to incomplete carbon accounting and potential double-counting issues. This study aims to develop and apply a comprehensive methodology for calculating Scope 1, 2, and 3 in South Korea by City. The methodology categorizes Scope 3 emissions into areas like purchased goods and services, energy-related activities, transportation, and waste disposal. It uses data specific to Korea and addresses double-counting issues by calculating to base on consumption. Scope 3 emissions constitute approximately 88.8 % of total emissions, primarily from food consumption, Plastic use, and construction activities. The study emphasizes targeting by Scope activities and consumption patterns to reduce overall GHG emissions, providing insights for effective carbon reduction policies.