Experimental Analysis for Fast Lithium Plating Detection in Voltage Relaxation Profile of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium plating poses a significant challenge to the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries. As a non-destructive detection method, voltage relaxation profile (VRP) analysis shows great potential for effective lithium plating detection. However, the conventional VRP analysis suffers from a lengthy experimental time requirement, which fundamentally hinders the further development of the VRP-based detection. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a new lithium plating indicator by fully exploiting distinctive behaviors of differential voltage (dV/dt) profiles depending on the amount of lithium plating. The proposed indicator focuses on a local maximum value in the dV/dt profiles, which allows for achieving robust and fast prediction under cell-to-cell variation and aging while preserving the quantitative information obtained from the conventional detection. Based on experiments using battery cells, the adoption of the proposed indicator reduces the lithium plating detection time by 40% with a minimum error compared with the conventional method. Furthermore, applying the same approach to reference datasets further validates the efficacy of the proposed indicator across various conditions, including varying charging currents and temperatures, which confirms the reliability and accuracy of the proposed fast lithium plating detection.