Exploring Interface Design of Translation System for Enhanced Immersion and Usability in Mixed Reality

Mixed reality (MR) translation systems offer new opportunities for real-time multilingual communication by rendering translated text into users' visual environments. However, how different interface designs impact its usability and user experience remains largely underexplored. This study compares three MR translation interface designs using a Wizard-of-Oz experiment (N = 18) in a reading comprehension task. Results revealed that overlay-based designs support rapid text recognition and user focus, while integrated designs promote immersive interaction. Consequently, user preferences varied depending on contextual demands and individual priorities, underscoring the need to balance clarity and immersion to accommodate diverse user needs and task contexts.