Future trends of AI-based smart systems and services: Challenges, opportunities, and solutions

Smart systems and services aim to facilitate growing urban populations and their prospects of virtual-real social behaviors, gig economies, factory automation, knowledge-based workforce, integrated societies, modern living, among many more. To satisfy these objectives, smart systems and services must comprises of a complex set of features such as security, ease of use and user friendliness, manageability, scalability, adaptivity, intelligent behavior, and personalization. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) is realized as a data-driven technology to provide an efficient knowledge representation, semantic modeling, and can support a cognitive behavior aspect of the system. In this paper, an integration of AI with the smart systems and services is presented to mitigate the existing challenges. Several novel researches work in terms of frameworks, architectures, paradigms, and algorithms are discussed to provide possible solutions against the existing challenges in the AI-based smart systems and services. Such novel research works involve efficient shape image retrieval, speech signal processing, dynamic thermal rating, advanced persistent threat tactics, user authentication, and so on.