HAD-TWL: Hot Address Detection-Based Wear Leveling for Phase-Change Memory Systems with Low Latency

Phase-change memory (PCM) is an emerging non-volatile memory device that offers faster access than flash memory does. However, PCM suffers from a critical problem where the number of write operations is limited. The previous practical attack detector (PAD) that uses a small memory space called stack adopts an algebraic mapping-based wear leveling (AWL) algorithm. Thanks to successful detection of malicious attacks, the PAD-AWL dramatically improves the lifetime of PCM. To enhance system factors such as write latency, the proposed method replaces the AWL algorithm with a table-based wear leveling (TWL) algorithm. Since the fixed stack size of the previous PAD is inefficient in detection of attack-like hot addresses, a stack size modulation scheme that enables a hot address detector (HAD) to efficiently counteract various memory write streams is proposed. Compared with the previous AWL-based algorithm, the integration with the TWL algorithm demands only 24 percent of the total number of swaps per write, and the proposed HAD with the stack size modulation scheme achieves the detection rate of 94 percent while reducing the execution time by 57 percent.