Hybrid nanocomposites of tunneled-mesoporous sulfur-doped carbon nanofibers embedded with zinc sulfide nanoparticles for ultrafast lithium storage capability

As effective and simple approach by which to construct hybrid nanocomposite using ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) and conducting carbon materials to realize robust ultrafast lithium storage capabilities, we newly developed tunneled-mesoporous S-doped carbon nanofibers (SCNF) embedded with ZnS NPs through a one-pot carbonization process via the thiourea effect. This hybrid nanocomposite is unique given its tunneled-mesoporous CNF structure with well-dispersed ZnS NPs by ZnO sulfurization, offering available space to accept abrupt structural expansions of ZnS NPs and efficient Li-ion pathways during the electrochemical reaction. Using this material leads to competitive cycling stability and superior rate capabilities. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA g⁻¹, amazing ultrafast electrochemical performance outcomes with a high specific capacity (391.8 mAh g⁻¹) and good long-term cycling stability (97.2%) after 500 cycles were noted. These findings are attributed to the synergistic effects of the accelerated the transportation of Li ions for the ZnS NPs by the internal construction of the tunneled-mesoporous SCNF and facilitation of the electrical conductivity of the electrode via the S doping effect of the CNF matrix. Therefore, the proposed approach for a unique hybrid nanocomposite holds great potential regarding the development of an outstanding anode electrode to enhance the ultrafast lithium storage capabilities.