Neuromorphic Motor Control with Electrolyte-Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors

Neuromorphic motor control systems aim to emulate the adaptive and efficient motor regulation observed in biological organisms by seamlessly integrating sensing and processing with actuation. Electrolyte-gated organic synaptic transistors (EGOSTs) have emerged as promising building blocks for such systems due to their ability to mimic synaptic behavior through ion–electronic coupling, analogous to biological synapses. This review highlights recent advances in EGOST-based neuromorphic motor control systems, focusing on their operational mechanisms, biological synaptic plasticity characteristics, and integration with motor actuators. A biological perspective on motor control is provided, emphasizing the roles of synaptic transmission and plasticity. It is then examined how these functions are emulated in EGOSTs, including strategies for tuning device behavior through morphology control and incorporating intrinsic sensing capabilities within a single device. Applications are categorized across artificial muscle fibers, robotic manipulators, and neuromuscular prostheses, demonstrating the versatility of EGOSTs in enabling low-power, adaptive, and biointegrated motion control. Finally, key challenges—such as material limitations, electrochemical stability, and system-level integration are discussed—that must be addressed to transition from proof-of-concept demonstrations to real-world applications. This review underscores the transformative potential of EGOST-based neuromorphic platforms for future wearable robotics, neuroprosthetics, and bioinspired intelligent systems.