NMR structural characterization of cecropin A(1-8) - magainin 2(1-12) and cecropin A(1-8) - melittin(1-12) hybrid peptides

In order to elucidate the structure-antibiotic activity relationships of the peptides, the three-dimensional structures of two hybrid peptides, CA(1- 8) - MA(1-12) and CA(1-8) - ME(1-12) in trifluoroethanol-containing aqueous solution were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Both CA(1-8) - MA(1-12) and CA(1-8) - ME(1-12) have strong antibacterial activity but only CA(1-8) - ME(1-12) has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. CA(1-8) - MA(1- 12) has a hydrophobic 3₁₀-helix of only two turns combined with one short helix in the N-terminus with a flexible hinge section in between. CA(1-8) - MA(1-12) has a severely bent structure in the middle of the peptide. These structural features as well as the low hydrophobicity of CA(1-8) - MA(1-12) seem to be crucial for the selective lysis against the membrane of prokaryotic cells. CA(1-8) - ME(1-12) has an α-helical structure of about three turns in the melittin domain and a flexible structure with one turn in the cecropin domain connected with a flexible hinge section in between, and these might be the structural features required for membrane distruption against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The central hinge region (Gly9- Ile10-Gly11) in an amphipathic antibacterial peptide is considered to play an important role in providing the conformational flexibility required for ion channel formation of the C-terminal hydrophobic α-helix on cell membrane.