Non-Gaussian properties and extreme values of net pressure on a dome with a central opening

Dome roof structures often exhibit non-Gaussian properties crucial for accurately estimating the wind loads acting on them. Although previous studies have primarily focused on external wind pressures for similar structures, such as long-span roofs or closed domes, information on the net pressure of open dome roofs remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the non-Gaussian properties and extreme values of net pressure acting on a dome roof with an opening via wind tunnel tests. The peak over threshold method was applied to standardized net-pressure time histories to identify peak events. The results revealed that the net pressure exhibited more frequent and higher-energy peak events than the external pressure, particularly in regions affected by flow separation and vortex shedding. Statistical analysis of skewness and kurtosis confirmed the non-Gaussian properties of the net pressure. The skewness values showed a wider range, and over 20 % of the surface exhibited kurtosis values greater than 5.3. The peak factor of the net pressure, calculated based on non-Gaussian properties using the moment-based Hermite method, exceeded 5 across most regions and 7 in regions where strong flow disturbances occurred. These values were significantly higher than those predicted with Gaussian assumptions. Furthermore, the non-Gaussian extreme values were up to 46 % greater than the Gaussian-based estimates and up to 65 % greater than the peak values obtained using a 1-s moving average. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for non-Gaussian extreme values in the wind-resistant design of dome roof structures with openings to ensure structural safety and design reliability.