Optimizing of metadata management in large-scale file systems

As modern computer systems face the challenge of large data, filesystems have to deal with a large number of files. This leads to amplified concerns of metadata operations as well as data operations. Most filesystems manage metadata of files by constructing in-memory data structures, such as directory entry (dentry) and inode. We found inefficiencies on management of metadata in existing filesystems, such as path traversal mechanism. In this article, we optimize the metadata operations by (1) looking up dentry cache (dcache) hash table in backward manner. To adopt the backward finding mechanism, we devise the rename and permission-granted mechanism. We also propose (2) compacting the metadata into dentry structures for in-memory space efficiency. We evaluate our optimized metadata managing mechanisms with several benchmarks, including a real-world workload. These optimizations significantly reduce dcache lookup latency by up to 40% and improve overall throughput by up to 72% in a real-world benchmark.