Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide–MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy

Energy storage and conversion extensively use MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional transition metals. Research is currently exploring MXenes in areas such as biomedical imaging, positioning them as a substantial contender in biomedical applications. Even though these biocompatible MXenes have many uses, it is challenging to make nanoparticles that are all the same size. This has made it harder to use them in the biomedical field. Herein, we meticulously crafted nano-sized MXene particles, achieving exceptional uniformity and amplified photothermal conversion efficiency compared to those of their bulkier micro-sized counterparts. To make these nanoparticles better at finding tumors, we added ARGD peptides to their surfaces. These are biomolecules that are known to bind to integrin α_vβ₃, a protein that is highly expressed in cancerous cells. Our research showed that these RGD–MXene nanoconjugates have excellent targeting accuracy and can eradicate tumors very effectively. This targeted photothermal therapy platform promises to redefine cancer treatment by selectively eradicating malignant cells while safeguarding healthy tissue. Also, MXene’s natural ability to change surfaces opens up a world of possibilities for a wide range of uses in nanomedicine, bringing about a new era of sophisticated therapeutic interventions.