Precision Medicine for Hypertension Patients with Type 2 Diabetes via Reinforcement Learning

Precision medicine is a new approach to understanding health and disease based on patientspecific data such as medical diagnoses; clinical phenotype; biologic investigations such as laboratory studies and imaging; and environmental, demographic, and lifestyle factors. The importance of machine learning techniques in healthcare has expanded quickly in the last decade owing to the rising availability of vast multi-modality data and developed computational models and algorithms. Reinforcement learning is an appealing method for developing efficient policies in various healthcare areas where the decision-making process is typically defined by a long period or a sequential process. In our research, we leverage the power of reinforcement learning and electronic health records of South Koreans to dynamically recommend treatment prescriptions, which are personalized based on patient information of hypertension. Our proposed reinforcement learning-based treatment recommendation system decides whether to use mono, dual, or triple therapy according to the state of the hypertension patients. We evaluated the performance of our personalized treatment recommendation model by lowering the occurrence of hypertension-related complications and blood pressure levels of patients who followed our model’s recommendation. With our findings, we believe that our proposed hypertension treatment recommendation model could assist doctors in prescribing appropriate antihypertensive medications.