Technology interfaces in product-service integration: Concept and typology

Today, the body of literature has been almost unanimous in integrating services into their core products. What is at the core in integrating products and services is the technology, providing the organic interface between products and services. Despite the importance of technology, however, considering the role of technology in product-service integration still remains a void in the literature. In response, this paper suggests the concept of "technology interface" in product-service integration and investigates the role of technology in moderating the product-service integration. Firstly, the concept of technology interface in product-service integration is clarified. Following on the definition, six types of technology interface are proposed according to the configuration of interaction between products and services. Finally, corresponding characteristics, case examples for each type of technology interface are suggested regarding how the interface can contribute to moderate the structural and functional integration of products and services and to provide the increased customer value.