The Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives: The current study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate effect of physical activity on cognitive function in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The findings of this study can offer an important basis for identifying the significance of physical activity as an important factor in designing and implementing strategies to enhance cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment. Methods: 21 articles were selected through academic databases (EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science), and 20 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) data and 15 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) data were obtained. The study was conducted using the meta-analysis. To test the validity of each article included in this study, a funnel plot and Egger ’s regression analysis were carried out to check for publication bias. Results: The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the effect size was interpreted as a small effect size if the effect size was between 0.2 and 0.5, a moderate effect size if the effect size was between 0.5 and 0.8, and large if the effect size was greater than 0.8. First, the meta-analysis of MoCA data showed a large effect size of 0.96; second, the meta-analysis of MMSE data indicated a large effect size of 0.93; and third, the meta-analysis of MoCA and MMSE data together indicated a moderate effect size of 0.68. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the significant effect of physical activity on cognitive function and provides a basis for developing programs to improve cognitive function. People diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment generally experience minimal disruption in daily living activities. However, as the severity of the condition progresses, significant challenges emerge, impacting the individual’s ability to carry out daily tasks. Research has demonstrated that physical activity can enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Consequently, it is recommended that these individuals be motivated to participate in physical activity to optimize their cognitive function and enhance their overall quality of life.