The integrated approach of carbon capture, utilization, and storage via CO₂ mineralization for the removal of fly ash, bottom ash, and exhaust gas―A case study of circulating fluidized bed combustion

Despite efforts to reduce dependence on coal-fired power generation due to climate concerns, continued usage for energy stability is anticipated. This study was conducted to address environmental issues associated with coal-fired power generation and promote its persistent utilization. we aimed to establish both eco-friendly and economically sustainable practices by mitigating waste such as fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) emissions while recycling them in circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC). Initially, we conducted a literature review to analyze the global and domestic trends in coal-fired power generation. Subsequently, we performed experimental research on CO₂ crystallization as a multifaceted approach for treating exhaust gases and waste materials such as FA and BA simultaneously. Throughout this research, we implemented a simple process to ensure scalability. In the context of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, we conducted experimental research on mineralizing CO₂ targeting FA and BA by applying ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and simulated exhaust gas. The empirical findings demonstrated that 12.28 kg CO₂/ton and 58.14 kg CO₂/ton of CO₂ were immobilized for BA and FA, respectively. The economic evaluation was measured based on the experimental results obtained from the techno-economic analysis (TEA). The B/C ratio stands at 1.07, with the cost of composite carbonate estimated at USD 159.6 per ton. With an internal rate of return (IRR) of 7.78 % and a net present value (NPV) of USD 7294.59, the economic viability demonstrates considerable promise. Ultimately, this study aims to mitigate the impact of coal-fired power plants on climate change and enhance environmental sustainability through CO₂ removal and waste recycling.