Virtual reality as a pedagogical tool: An experimental study of English learner in lower elementary grades

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology significantly impacted educational institutions, and AI application in education brought new perspectives to develop improved technology-enhanced learning systems. Recently, novel approaches in technology-enabled learning utilizing virtual reality (VR) instead of traditional multimedia materials, digital learning games, and educational software. The use of VR technologies in language education improves creativity, interactivity, collaboration, problem-solving, and active knowledge building. In addition, the benefits of using VR in language education extend to lower elementary grades. Young learners can greatly benefit from the immersive and engaging nature of VR technology when learning English. By incorporating VR into English education, students in these grades can experience a more interactive and stimulating learning environment. This study examined which constructs affect students’ continuous use of VR by applying the Technology Acceptance Theory (TAM) theory and explored whether and how VR can improve students’ abilities to learn English compared to voice-video-based oral communications. The results have academic and practical implications, as they provide guidance for a rigorous aspect of technology-enhanced learning and demonstrate strong evidence that VR is more effective than traditional education methods. This supports educators and researchers in developing VR materials and activities. This study emphasized the advantages and potentials of VR in language education.