Zinc sensors with lower binding affinities for cellular imaging

Zinc sensors based on 2,3-dipicolylamine (DPA) and quinoline have been synthesized. They fluoresced in the presence of Zn²⁺ and remained fluorescent when other metal ions were present. Fluorescence enhancement of the sensors was not seen for most other metal ions. In vitro studies with fibroblasts showed fluorescence when sensor and Zn²⁺ were present. As seen by single crystal X-ray analysis, four nitrogens from the sensor bind to Zn²⁺. These new sensors have lower binding constants than the pentadentate sensors based on 2,2-DPA.